Penrose, R., 1989, The Emporer’s New Mind, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Norretranders, T., 1998, The User Illusion: Cutting Consciousness down to Size, Penguin, New York. A., 1962, Psychology: The Science of Mental Life, Harper & Row, New York. Mauldin, M., 1994, Chatterbots, Tinymuds and the Turing Test: entering the loebner prize competition, Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI Press, Menlo Park, CA. M., 2000, The Turk, Chess Automaton, McFarland, Jefferson, NC. 1994, Matter and Consciousness: A Contemporary Introduction to the Philosophy of Mind, Revised Edition, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.Ĭlinton, W., 1998, Excerpts from Report of Bill Clinton’s grand jury testimony in Washington Post.ĭennett, D., 1991, Consciousness Explained, The Penguin Press, Harmondworth. and Plaza, E., 1994, Case-based reasoning: foundational issues, methodological variations, and system approaches, Artificial Intelligence Communications 7(1): 39–52.īarger, J., 1993, RACTER, posted to the comp.ai.* hierarchy in June 1993 reprinted in The Journal of Computer Game Design, August 1993.Ĭhurchland, P. Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer EntityĪamodt, A.Artificial Intelligence Markup Language (AIML).does pass the Turing Test, at least, to paraphrase Abraham Lincoln, for some of the people some of the time. We note that the proposition “consciousness is an illusion” may be undermined by the paradoxes it apparently implies.
We consider Searle’s Chinese Room, and the view that natural language understanding by a computer is impossible.
The paper winds up with a survey of some of the philosophical literature on the question of consciousness. that pretend to be intelligent and selfaware. This paper goes on to show how to use AIML to create robot personalities like A.L.I.C.E.
and AIML-free software since 1995, noting that the theme and strategy of deception and pretense upon which AIML is based can be traced through the history of Artificial Intelligence research. This paper describes the history of A.L.I.C.E. More than 500 volunteers from around the world have contributed to her development. The program, and the organization that develops it, is a product of the world of free software. A.L.I.C.E., the first AIML-based personality program, won the Loebner Prize as “the most human computer” at the annual Turing Test contests in 2000, 2001, and 2004. This paper is a technical presentation of Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity (A.L.I.C.E.) and Artificial Intelligence Markup Language (AIML), set in context by historical and philosophical ruminations on human consciousness.
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